Internal combustion engine



g M M Feb. 12, 1957 o. HERSCHMANN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Fil ed Oct. 6, 1952' FIG, I.

FIG. 2.

INVENTOR OTTO HERSCHMANN.

BY (Z r ATTO NEY.

United States Patent C) INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Otto Herschmann, Hannover, Germany Application October 6, 1953, Serial No. 384,452

Claims priority, application Germany November 28, 1952 '11 clai s. (Cl. 123-195 The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine and in particular to a two-stroke cycle engine which is characterized by its simple construction. Preferably, the'new design is employed for engines in which the cylinders are enclosed by a jacket forming the cooling water room, the scavenging receiver, or the like.

It is one object of the present invention, to provide an internal combustion engine in which the cylinder head projects over the circumference of the cylinder, and in which a jacket is fitted between the projecting rim and the crank case enclosing the cylinder at a certain distance and forming a scavenging receiver, a cooling water jacket, or the like. The projecting rim of the cylinder head may also be formed by means of a stiff plate inserted between cylinder and cylinder head.

It is another object of the-present invention to provide an internal combustion engine of the type referred to above, in which the rims of the above described jacket which is preferably made of sheet metal or by pressure casting or the like, carry suitable sealing means, asfor instance, of profile rubber, so that it is possible to fix the cylinder sleeve and the jacket enclosing said cylinder sleeve at a distance by means of the cylinder head studs at the same time.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine in which the projecting rim of the cylinder head is designed to form seats for the cylinder head studs, whereby in multiplecylinder engines it is possible to enclose several cylinders by said jacket at the same time.

It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine which is designed as a fluid-cooled four-stroke cycle engine in which the cylinder sleeve and the jacket enclosing said cylinder sleeve may be fixed between the cylinder head and the crank case, whereby the space between said jacket and said cylinder sleeve is filled with the cooling medium.

It is also a ftuther object of the present invention to provide an internal combustion engine which is designed as a blower-scavenged two-stroke cycle engine, wherein a distributor manifold, extending over the width of the cylinders, may be cast-in to the crank case, the blower being connected to said manifold which in turn is connected with the chamber defined by the space between the cylinder and the jacket, by means of a suitable opening.

With these and other objects in view which will become apparent in the following detailed description, the present invention will be clearly understood in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a cross sectional view through a blowerscavenged two-stroke engine;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through a twocylinder two-stroke engine;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the engine shown in Fig. 2;

Figs. 4 and 5 are cross sectional views of different fixing arrangements of the jacket; and

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary cross sectional view of afluidcooled four-stroke engine. I a I a Referring now to the drawing and inparticular to Fig.

1, the cylinder sleeve 2 is mounted on the crankcase '1- The cylinder head 3, provided with a rim 4, is fitted to 7 said cylinder sleeve 2. A jacket 5, a pressure 'die cast ing, or the like, is fixed between the crank case 1- and said rim 4, said jacket enclosing said cylinder sleeve at; a certain distance, thus providing a scavenging receiverv 6 which, by means of openings 7, is connected with a distributor manifold 8 formed in the crankcase 1. A-

blower 9 is connected to said distributor manifold.

Referring now to Figs. 4 and 5, the cylinder head 3 is fixed to the crank case 1 by means of cylinder studs 10, with the cylinder sleeve 2 fitted in between. Said studs 10 are arranged in the projecting rim of the cyl-- inder head 3, whereby the jacket 5 is fixed below said rim 4 at the same time. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 the jacket 5 is provided with a gasket 11 at its upper and lower rim, while in the embodiment shownv in Fig. 5 a gasket is provided only at the upper rim, and. the lower, outwardly bent rim 12 of the jacket 5 is projecting rim 4' while the jacket 13 in this case encloses both cylinders 2' at the same time, thus forming an enlarged scavenging receiver 14.

In Fig. 3 the left hand cylinder head has been removed so that the gasket 11 of the jacket 13 can be seen, which is in contact with the underside of the cylinder hea-dQ.

The cylinder head studs pass through the scavenging receiver, as in the aforementioned embodiment.

In the fluid-cooled four-stroke engine illustrated in Fig. 6 the cylinder sleeve 17 is mounted to the crank case 16. Said cylinder sleeve 17 is held in place by the cylinder head 18, the projecting part 19 of which fixing the jacket 20 which is provided with gaskets 21 at its ends. The cooling medium chamber 22 is defined by the space between the wet cylinder sleeve 17- and the jacket 20, and may be connected to the cooling medium supply and discharge lines in the usual way.

While I have disclosed several embodiments of the present invention, it is to he understood that these embodiments are given by example only and not in a limiting sense, the scope of the present invention being determined by the objects and the claims.

I claim:

1. A two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a crank case, at least one individual cylinder placed on top of said crank case, an individual cylinder head placed on said cylinder and projecting over the circumference of said cylinder, screw-bolt means for fixing said cylinder head directly to and spaced apart from said crank case, and an individual jacket enclosing said cylinder at a predetermined distance, said screw-bolt means projecting through said jacket, said jacket being held between the projecting part of said cylinder head and said crank case.

2. The internal combustion engine, as set forth in claim 1, wherein means are connected to said jacket for feeding and passing a coolant, and the space formed between said jacket and said cylinder defining a chamber, and the latter being designed as a coolant chamber enclosing said cylinder.

3. The internal combustion engine, as set forth in claim 1, which includes means connected to said jacket for r 3 supplying air, and the space formed between said jacket and said cylinder defining a chamber to constitute a scavenging receiver.

4: The internal combustion i'engine, as set forth in claim 1, which includes gaskets inserted-between the rim of said jacket and said cylinder head, and additional gaskets disposed between said jacket and said crank case. w

5, The internal combustion engine, as set forth in claim' 1, vwherein a plurality of cylinders is arranged on said crank case common to all of said cylinders, and a jacket encloses all of saidcylinders, and each of said cylindersjhas an individual cylinder head projecting over the circumference of said cylinder.

6. The internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 1, wherein seats are provided on the upper side of said crank case to receive said cylinders which at least partially project over said seats, forming a supportfor inder head to said crank case and simultaneously holding and sealing said jacket forming a scavenging receiver.

8. Theinternal'combustion engine, as set forth in claim 7, wherein several cylinders are ,placed on said crank case and said jacket forms a scavenging receiver enclosing all of said cylinders;

9. The port-controlled two-stroke bustio n engine, as set forth in claim '7, wherein said jacket has lateral openings and saidcylinder has outlet ports which correspond with said lateral openings in said jacket for transferring the exhaust gas to the outside.

10. A two stroke cycle internal combustion engine,

cycle internal coma comprising a crank case, a plurality of individual cylinders placed on top of said crank case, an individual,

cylinder head placed on each of said cylinders and projecting over the circumference of the corresponding of said cylinders, screw-bolt means for fixing each of said cylinder heads directly to and spaced apart from said crank case, and an individual jacket enclosing each of said cylinders at a predetermined distance thereof, said screw-bolt means projecting through the corresponding of said jackets, and the latter being held between the projecting part of said cylinder heads and said crank case. a a

i 11. Aport-controlled two-stroke cycle internal combustion engine, comprising a crank case, a plurality of individual cylinders placed on said crank case, air inlet and outlet ports in each of said cylinders, an individual cylinder head projecting over the circumference of each of the corresponding one of said cylinders, an individual jacket inserted between the projectingpart of each of said cylinder headsiand the upper sideof said crank case,-

and anchor vbolts extending from each of said cylinder heads through the corresponding jacket into said crank case, said anchor bolts fixing said cylinder heads to said crank case and simultaneously holding and sealing said jackets forming scavenging receivers.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED'STATES PATENTS r mn w 

